Election analyses this soon after the election are nearly all based on exit polls. Exit polls are subject to “sampling bias,” meaning that members of various social or economic groups aren’t necessarily represented in the polls in the same proportion as they are in the actual population. For instance, college graduates and younger voters tend to be over-represented. Also, the overall winner of the exit poll must match the winner of the actual election, and if it doesn’t the pollster will make statistical adjustments to the results, which can further exacerbate the over-representation.
In 2020, for instance, exit polls underestimated the share of voters who were white without a college degree, and overestimated the share of white women who voted for Trump. As Wired’s Gilad Edelman wrote, though “None of this is to say that any of the emerging narratives about how various groups voted this year are wrong. We just don’t know yet.” More accurate analyses must wait until states finish updating their voter files – some time next year – and public information about who did and did not vote will be available. At that point studies validated against voter files will be released, such as Harvard’s Cooperative Election Study and the Pew Research Center’s validated voter survey.
As of this writing, the Cook Political Report’s National Popular Vote Tracker, which uses official sources from the states, shows Trump with 49.83% of the vote, vs. Harris’s 48.28%. A Trump victory, yes, but not the grand mandate his minions have trumpeted, and in fact – as we noted on our home page – in the history of presidential elections only five popular vote winners have prevailed by less.
So with the caveats above in mind, let’s take a look at the exit polls.
